MOLLY PITCHER III Part Two "When the Truth is Distorted by Lies; Let Us, Who Know, Challenge Their Wisdom!" |
| The "Life and Times of Johann Christian Gutjahr" By Robert C. Goodyear Great, Great, Great, Grandson of Mary Ludwig "Molly Pitcher" Hays (Continued from Molly Pitcher II) |
Christian first appears on the Warwick Township tax rolls in 1769 paying an
assessment of three shillings sixpence on his 40 acres, 20 cultivated and 20
uncultivated, 2 horses, and 1 cow. He continued on the Township tax rolls paying
Provincial and State assessments, and then in 1777, when the tax structure
changed, Continental, State, and county levies. In 1780 his 40 acres were valued
at 30 pounds, and he paid 18 shillings Continental tax.
Also listed on the Warwick tax rolls were Nicholaus Morret and his son, Hartman,
names to be closely associated with the Goodyears over the years. In 1769,
Nicholaus was taxed on 150 acres, 60 cultivated, 90 uncultivated, 2 horses, 3
cattle, and 8 sheep. The next year, 1770, Nicholaus served as tax collector for the
Township.
Christian's first child to be born in Warwick Township was Elizabeth on 10 April
1760. In 1761, the second year of the reign of George III, Christian decided to
become a naturalized citizen of England, even though he probably took an oath of
loyalty to the English King, when he first set foot on American soil. To accomplish
this, he had to travel to Philadelphia. Since stage coach service between
Lancaster and Philadelphia had just been inaugurated in March 1760, perhaps he
went that way. If he did, he would have left at 6 A.M. on a Monday and arrived in
Philadelphia Tuesday evening. Of course, he might also have gone on horseback
or even walked. At the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania on
Thursday, 10 September 1761, one of ninety-nine, fifty-five of whom were from
Lancaster County, Christian became a naturalized citizen of England. While in
Philadelphia, he possibly a lottery ticket as advertised for sale in the Pennsylvania
Gazette in support of the construction of the Presbyterian Church in Carlisle. If
he did, he contributed to what would be the church home of many of his
descendants.
At two year Intervals, Christian's next three children were born; Rosina on 4 June
1762, Johann Mattheus on 28 April 1764, and Anna Magdalena, named for her
grandmother, on 3 June 1766. Susanna, their twelfth and last child, born 10 July
1769, died in that same year. Only the year is recorded.
In little more than a decade since the close of the French and Indian hostilities,
war came again to the country, the province, and the county. In this conflict,
known as the Revolutionary War, about one-sixth of the population, or about fifty
thousand, of the Province of Pennsylvania were conscientious objectors and
therefore non-combatants, like the Quakers and Moravians, and many of them
were Pennsylvania Germans.
The Moravians in Lititz were surrounded by military preparations and activities in
nearby Lancaster. The town was manufacturing rifles and furnishing wagons, six
hundred on one occasion, and other supplies to the American Army. Stores of
powder and lead were kept there, beginning in 1755 to the end of the war,
prisoners of war were confined there and guarded by the Militia of Lancaster,
York, and Cumberland Counties. For one day, 27 September 1777, when the
Continental Congress arrived there, Lancaster was the capital city of the new
nation.
The diaries of the Lititz Moravian community record a resolve not to sell any more
tea in the store after 25 February 1775. In July, when Congress ordered the
non-associators, those who refused to bear arms, to contribute money toward,
government expenses, the Moravian Brothers appointed collectors to implement
the order.
On 8 July 1776, a loud trumpet blast brought the citizens of Lititz to the Zum Anker
Inn (today the site of the General Sutter Inn). There they listened to the reading
of the Declaration of Independence which had been issued in Philadelphia on 4
July. No celebration ensued, and it was considered so inconsequential that it was
not mentioned in the Congregation Diary for that day. Lancaster and Philadelphia,
in contrast, celebrated the momentous announcement with parades, the ringing
of church bells, and the shooting off of cannons.
Because the Colonies had now declared independence, the General Assembly of
Pennsylvania passed the Test Laws in 1777, requiring the renunciation of King
George III, and the swearing of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Although the taking of oaths was against the principles of the Moravians, the Lititz
Diary notes that "twelve adult members and considerable number of the younger
men. . .had secretly taken the oath."
Among those who decided to take the oath were Christian's sons, Ludwick Gutsler
[Goodyear] and Gotfried [Frederick] Gootsor [Goodyear], whose names appear on
the list of those who took the Oath of Allegiance to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in the town of Lancaster on 12 June 1778.
After some protestations from Moravian Bishop Ettwein, the Brother's House in
Lititz was used as a temporary hospital for the sick and wounded soldiers after
the Battle of Germantown. The Army used it for a period of eight months, from 19
December 1777 to 28 August 1778, and Lititz was never the same afterwards.
In 1777, the Militia Act, which gave Pennsylvania its first draft law, was passed.
Thiis required the service of all white males between the ages of eighteen and
fifty-three, capable of bearing arms, to serve two months on active duty.
Battalion districts were set up and subdivided into eight companies. Each
company, divided into eight classes, was usually comprised of men from the same
neighborhood.
By this time, at sixth-three, Christian was beyond the age for the draft. However,
his sons, Frederick, Ludwick, and Christian, Jr., served in the Lancaster County
Militia, and his sons, Georg, and Mattheus, served in a York County Battalion.
Serving with the Lancaster County Goodyears were the Morret whose male and
female descendants would become intermarried with the Goodyears when the
two families later moved to Cumberland County.
Christian and Margaretha withstod the shortages of tea, salt, sugar, meat, and
other foods, the depreciation of the currency, inflationary prices, and the other
vicissitudes of war. They had their children around them and by now several of
them had married and produced grandchildren. Their sons were relatively safe,
serving in the militia guarding the home front.
Their twenty-six year old daughter, Catharine Gutjahr Rauch, then the mother of
three, died on 2 January 1783. Peace came to the land in that same year, and the
Lititz Diary records: "The church and community flourished."
On 13 August 1787, the church building of the Lititz Moravian Congregation on
Church Square was dedicated, and the members were awakened at 5 A.M. by the
trombones playing for the first time from the new steeple. The Goodyears
undoubtedly contributed to this building in one way or another.
Four years later, on 12 February 1791, Christian passed away at seventy-six plus
years of age. A man who, through a set of circumstances and partly of his own
volition, had been a citizen of three countries - his native Saxony, British through
choice and immigration, and American through the fortunes of the war of
Independence. At his death, of their twelve children, nine survived, as well as
thirty-three grandchildren of whom we have a record. As far as is known, he died
without a will, but he left for posterity some of his words and thoughts in the
Lebenslauf or memoir of his life. He was buried in the Old St. James Cemetery in
Lititz. The cemetery area still exists, but grave markers are no longer in place.
The Lititz Moravian Archives, however, do retain a record, of "burials" there.
Margaretha, who served the neighborhood as a midwife, continued to live on the
far with her children after her husband's death. She had borne him twelve
children, lost three, and at her death was survived by forty-four grandchildren
and two great-grandchildren. After living a full life in exciting times, she died on
13 December 1799, aged seventy-two years. She is buried in the married woman's
section of the new cemetery, called the "Flats" behind the Church Square in Lititz.
In 1979, the Goodyear Family Assocation purchased a new grave marker to
replace thr original one of sandstone which had weathered so badly as to be
illegible.
Agricultural frontiers were moving westward, and Cumberland County, organized
in 1750 from part of Lancaster County, beckoned. So, after the deaths of both
their father and mother, Ludwick and Frederick took off to establish their families
in Cumberland County.
assessment of three shillings sixpence on his 40 acres, 20 cultivated and 20
uncultivated, 2 horses, and 1 cow. He continued on the Township tax rolls paying
Provincial and State assessments, and then in 1777, when the tax structure
changed, Continental, State, and county levies. In 1780 his 40 acres were valued
at 30 pounds, and he paid 18 shillings Continental tax.
Also listed on the Warwick tax rolls were Nicholaus Morret and his son, Hartman,
names to be closely associated with the Goodyears over the years. In 1769,
Nicholaus was taxed on 150 acres, 60 cultivated, 90 uncultivated, 2 horses, 3
cattle, and 8 sheep. The next year, 1770, Nicholaus served as tax collector for the
Township.
Christian's first child to be born in Warwick Township was Elizabeth on 10 April
1760. In 1761, the second year of the reign of George III, Christian decided to
become a naturalized citizen of England, even though he probably took an oath of
loyalty to the English King, when he first set foot on American soil. To accomplish
this, he had to travel to Philadelphia. Since stage coach service between
Lancaster and Philadelphia had just been inaugurated in March 1760, perhaps he
went that way. If he did, he would have left at 6 A.M. on a Monday and arrived in
Philadelphia Tuesday evening. Of course, he might also have gone on horseback
or even walked. At the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania on
Thursday, 10 September 1761, one of ninety-nine, fifty-five of whom were from
Lancaster County, Christian became a naturalized citizen of England. While in
Philadelphia, he possibly a lottery ticket as advertised for sale in the Pennsylvania
Gazette in support of the construction of the Presbyterian Church in Carlisle. If
he did, he contributed to what would be the church home of many of his
descendants.
At two year Intervals, Christian's next three children were born; Rosina on 4 June
1762, Johann Mattheus on 28 April 1764, and Anna Magdalena, named for her
grandmother, on 3 June 1766. Susanna, their twelfth and last child, born 10 July
1769, died in that same year. Only the year is recorded.
In little more than a decade since the close of the French and Indian hostilities,
war came again to the country, the province, and the county. In this conflict,
known as the Revolutionary War, about one-sixth of the population, or about fifty
thousand, of the Province of Pennsylvania were conscientious objectors and
therefore non-combatants, like the Quakers and Moravians, and many of them
were Pennsylvania Germans.
The Moravians in Lititz were surrounded by military preparations and activities in
nearby Lancaster. The town was manufacturing rifles and furnishing wagons, six
hundred on one occasion, and other supplies to the American Army. Stores of
powder and lead were kept there, beginning in 1755 to the end of the war,
prisoners of war were confined there and guarded by the Militia of Lancaster,
York, and Cumberland Counties. For one day, 27 September 1777, when the
Continental Congress arrived there, Lancaster was the capital city of the new
nation.
The diaries of the Lititz Moravian community record a resolve not to sell any more
tea in the store after 25 February 1775. In July, when Congress ordered the
non-associators, those who refused to bear arms, to contribute money toward,
government expenses, the Moravian Brothers appointed collectors to implement
the order.
On 8 July 1776, a loud trumpet blast brought the citizens of Lititz to the Zum Anker
Inn (today the site of the General Sutter Inn). There they listened to the reading
of the Declaration of Independence which had been issued in Philadelphia on 4
July. No celebration ensued, and it was considered so inconsequential that it was
not mentioned in the Congregation Diary for that day. Lancaster and Philadelphia,
in contrast, celebrated the momentous announcement with parades, the ringing
of church bells, and the shooting off of cannons.
Because the Colonies had now declared independence, the General Assembly of
Pennsylvania passed the Test Laws in 1777, requiring the renunciation of King
George III, and the swearing of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Although the taking of oaths was against the principles of the Moravians, the Lititz
Diary notes that "twelve adult members and considerable number of the younger
men. . .had secretly taken the oath."
Among those who decided to take the oath were Christian's sons, Ludwick Gutsler
[Goodyear] and Gotfried [Frederick] Gootsor [Goodyear], whose names appear on
the list of those who took the Oath of Allegiance to the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania in the town of Lancaster on 12 June 1778.
After some protestations from Moravian Bishop Ettwein, the Brother's House in
Lititz was used as a temporary hospital for the sick and wounded soldiers after
the Battle of Germantown. The Army used it for a period of eight months, from 19
December 1777 to 28 August 1778, and Lititz was never the same afterwards.
In 1777, the Militia Act, which gave Pennsylvania its first draft law, was passed.
Thiis required the service of all white males between the ages of eighteen and
fifty-three, capable of bearing arms, to serve two months on active duty.
Battalion districts were set up and subdivided into eight companies. Each
company, divided into eight classes, was usually comprised of men from the same
neighborhood.
By this time, at sixth-three, Christian was beyond the age for the draft. However,
his sons, Frederick, Ludwick, and Christian, Jr., served in the Lancaster County
Militia, and his sons, Georg, and Mattheus, served in a York County Battalion.
Serving with the Lancaster County Goodyears were the Morret whose male and
female descendants would become intermarried with the Goodyears when the
two families later moved to Cumberland County.
Christian and Margaretha withstod the shortages of tea, salt, sugar, meat, and
other foods, the depreciation of the currency, inflationary prices, and the other
vicissitudes of war. They had their children around them and by now several of
them had married and produced grandchildren. Their sons were relatively safe,
serving in the militia guarding the home front.
Their twenty-six year old daughter, Catharine Gutjahr Rauch, then the mother of
three, died on 2 January 1783. Peace came to the land in that same year, and the
Lititz Diary records: "The church and community flourished."
On 13 August 1787, the church building of the Lititz Moravian Congregation on
Church Square was dedicated, and the members were awakened at 5 A.M. by the
trombones playing for the first time from the new steeple. The Goodyears
undoubtedly contributed to this building in one way or another.
Four years later, on 12 February 1791, Christian passed away at seventy-six plus
years of age. A man who, through a set of circumstances and partly of his own
volition, had been a citizen of three countries - his native Saxony, British through
choice and immigration, and American through the fortunes of the war of
Independence. At his death, of their twelve children, nine survived, as well as
thirty-three grandchildren of whom we have a record. As far as is known, he died
without a will, but he left for posterity some of his words and thoughts in the
Lebenslauf or memoir of his life. He was buried in the Old St. James Cemetery in
Lititz. The cemetery area still exists, but grave markers are no longer in place.
The Lititz Moravian Archives, however, do retain a record, of "burials" there.
Margaretha, who served the neighborhood as a midwife, continued to live on the
far with her children after her husband's death. She had borne him twelve
children, lost three, and at her death was survived by forty-four grandchildren
and two great-grandchildren. After living a full life in exciting times, she died on
13 December 1799, aged seventy-two years. She is buried in the married woman's
section of the new cemetery, called the "Flats" behind the Church Square in Lititz.
In 1979, the Goodyear Family Assocation purchased a new grave marker to
replace thr original one of sandstone which had weathered so badly as to be
illegible.
Agricultural frontiers were moving westward, and Cumberland County, organized
in 1750 from part of Lancaster County, beckoned. So, after the deaths of both
their father and mother, Ludwick and Frederick took off to establish their families
in Cumberland County.
Ancestors of Robert Charles GOODYEAR Generation No. 1 Robert Charles GOODYEAR, born August 17, 1945 in Abington, Montgomery County, PA. He was the son of 2. Charles Ezra Rhode GOODYEAR and 3. Vincenzias Rachaele MASCARO. Generation No. 2 Charles Ezra Rhode GOODYEAR, born August 29, 1897 in Manayunk, Philadelphia County, PA; died February 23, 1974 in Warminster, Bucks County, PA. He was the son of 4. Ezra GOODYEAR and 5. Anna Hays. He married 3. Vincenzina Rachaele MASCARO June 26, 1943 in Manayunk, Philadelphia, PA. Vincenzina Rachaele MASCARO, born February 10, 1912 in Avalon, Allegheny County, PA; died May 02, 2005 in Warminster, Bucks County, PA. She was the daughter of 6. Giuseppe MASCARO and 7. Giuseppa CALIGIURI. Child of Charles GOODYEAR and Vincenzina MASCARO is: Robert Charles GOODYEAR, born August 17, 1945 in Abington, Montgomery County, PA. Generation No. 3 Ezra GOODYEAR, born February 1848 in South Middleton, Cumberland County, PA; died March 07, 1904in Manayunk, Philadelphia County, PA. He was the son of 8. Benjamin Curtis GOODYEAR and 9. Catherine STONER. He married Anna HAYS 1886. Anna HAYS , born January 09, 1857 in Carlisle, Cumberland County, PA; died December 03, 1942 in Roxboro, Philadelphia County, PA. She was the daughter of 10. George R. HAYS and 11. Anna Ellen Mc FATE. Children of Ezra GOODYEAR and Anna HAYS: Charles Ezra Rhode GOODYEAR, bornAugust 29, 1897 in Manayunk, Philadelphia County, PA; died February 23, 1974 in Warminster, Bucks County, PA; married (1) Anna S. FREDERICKS 1918, married (2) Vincenzina Rachaele MASCARO June 26, 1943 in Manayunk, Philadelphia, PA. Generation No. 4 8. Benjamin Curtis GOODYEAR, born March 31, 1821 in South Middleton Twp., Cumberland Co., PA; died February 20, 1901 in Ottosen, Wacousta Twp.,Humbolt County, Iowa. He was the son of 16. Johannes (John) GOODYEAR and 17. Annie BURKHOLDER. He married 9. Caatharine STONER, November 25, 1845. 9. Catherine STONER, born about 1829; died October 23, 1852. She was the daughter of 18. Jacob STONER. Child of Benjamin GOODYEAR and Catharine STONER is: Ezra GOODYEAR, born February 1848 in South Middleton, Cumberland County, PA; died Maarch 07, 1904 in Manayunk, Philadelphia County, PA.; married (1) Ellen DAY; married (2) Anna HAYS 1886. Generation No. 5 16. Johannes (John) GOODYEAR, born March 11, 1784 in Pennsylvania; died December 29, 1864 in Cumberland County, PA. He was the son of 32. Johann Ludwick (Ludwig) GUTJAHR and 33. Regina GRUBER. He married 17. Annie BURKHOLDER, December 24, 1805. 17. Annie BURKHOLDER, born March 16, 1783 in Dauphin County, PA; died February 28, 1861 in Cumberland County, PA. Child of Johannes GOODYEAR and Annie BURKHOLDER is: Benjamin Curtis GOODYEAR, born March 31, 1821 in South Middleton Township, Cumberland County, PA; died February 20, 1901 in Ottosen, Wacousta Township, Humbolt County, Iowa; married (1) Catherine STONER, November 25, 1845; married (2) Catherine RAMP, August 09, 1853 in S. Middleton Township, PA., by Rev. Elia E. Thomas. Generation No. 6 32. Johann Ludwick (Ludwig) GUTJAHR, born October 20, 1757 in Lancaster, PA.;died September 16, 1804. He was the son of 64. Johann Christian GUTJAHR and 65. Margaretha ROESNER. He married 33. Regina GRUBER, April 22, 1783. 33. Regina GRUBER, born March 15,1756; died January 05, 1839. She was the daughter of 66. Frederick (Sylvester) GRUBER and 67. Maragretha Dorothea STOUD. Child of Johann GUTJAHR and Regina GRUBER is: Johannes (John) GOODYEAR, born March 11, 1784 in Pennsylvania; died December 29, 1864 in Cumberrland County, PA; married Annie BURKHOLDER, December 24, 1805 Generation No. 7 64. Johann Christian GUTJAHR, born October 15, 1714 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; died February 12, 1791 in Lancaster County, PA. He was the son of 128. Johannes Gottfried GUTJAHR and 129. Magdalena KUEHNE. He married 65. Margaretha ROESNER March 22, 1746 in Lancaster, PA. 65. Margaretha ROESNER, born May 03, 1722 in Hoenloischben (Hohenlohe, Franconia?), Germany; died December 13, 1799 in Kancaster County, PA. Child of Johann GUTJAHR and Margaretha ROESNER is: Johann Ludwick (Ludwig) GUTJAHR, born October 20, 1757 in Lancaster, PA; died September 16, 1804; married Regina GRUBER April 22, 1783. Generation No. 8 128. Johannes Gottfried GUTJAHR, born Before May 05, 1671 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; deied May 05, 1756 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. He was the son of 256. Hans Christoph GUTJAHR and. Anna STARCKE. He married 129. Magdalena KUEHNE, November 02, 1699 in St. Thomas Church, Merseburg, Germany. 129. Magdalena KUEHNE, born June 1673 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; died March 17, 1732. She was the daughter of 258. Hans KUEHNE and 259. Magdalena OELLMANN. Child of Johannes GUTJAHR and Magdalena KUEHNE is: Johann Christian GUTJAHR, born October 15, 1714 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; died February 12, 1791 in Lancaster County, PA; married Margaretha ROESNER March 22, 1746 in Lancaster, PA. Generation No. 9 256. Hans Christoph GUTJAHR, born Before 1652 in Wengelsdorf, Germany. He was the son of 512. Christoph GUTJAHR and 513. Anna UNKNOWN. He married 257. Anna STARCKE November 24, 1670 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany, 257. Anna STARCKE. She was the daughter of 514. Peter STARCKE Child of Hans GUTJAHR and Anna STARCKE is: 128. i. Johannes Gottfried GUTJAHR, born Before May 05, 1671 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; died May 05, 1756 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; married Magdalena KUEHNE November 02, 1699 in St. Thomas Church, Merseburg, Germany. Generation No. 10 512. Christoph GUTJAHR, born in Germany. He married 513. Anna UNKNOWN. 513. Anna UNKNOWN, born in Germany. Child of Christoph GUTJAHR and Anna UNKNOWN is: 256. i. Hans Christoph GUTJAHR, born Before 1652 in Wengelsdorf, Germany; married Anna STARCKE, November 24, 1670 in Merseburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. |
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